Even though this technique reliably produces MNP endocytosis and/or cytotoxicity, a better understanding is required to develop this system for precision manipulation of MNPs, ex vivo. Additionally, we demonstrate cytotoxicity in neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells in vitro induced by MNPs exposed to a magnetic field gradient and oscillating at various frequencies and displacement amplitudes. From our data and other related studies, we infer that such phenomenon largely depends on the magnetic field gradient, magnetic susceptibility and size of the MNPs, magnet array oscillating frequency, viscosity of the medium surrounding MNPs, and distance between the magnetic field source and MNPs.
Here we explore, using numerical modeling, the physical mechanism which underlies this process, and we discuss potential improvements for its use in biomedical applications. The focus of this study is to understand the manipulation of MNPs by a time-varying static magnetic field and how, at different frequencies and displacement, this can alter cellular function.
Some have utilised this non-invasive external stimulus and there is an potential to build on this platform. The manipulation of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) using an external magnetic field, has been successfully demonstrated in various biomedical applications. This strategy provides a new way to eradicate a specific population of MNP-labeled cells, potentially with magnetic resonance imaging guidance using standard MRI equipment, with minimal side effects for the host. The images revealed a rapid formation of elongated MNP aggregates in the cells, which were aligned with the external magnetic field. The formation and dynamics of the intracellular aggregates of nanoparticles were visualized by optical and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Currently, we consider the coherent motion of internalized and aggregated nanoparticles that produce mechanical moments as a potential mechanism of cell destruction. As no increase in local temperature was observed, the cell damage was not a result of hyperthermia. No reduction in cell viability was observed in unlabeled cells subjected to gradients, or in MNP-labeled cells in the static magnetic field. An approximately 26.6% reduction in cell viability was detected in magnetically labeled cells subjected to the combined effect of a static magnetic field and oscillating gradients. The cytotoxicity was determined qualitatively and quantitatively by microscopic imaging and cell viability assays. Changes in cell morphology and a decrease in cell viability were detected in cells treated with oscillating gradients. Human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells were labeled with MNP, placed in the high magnetic field, and subjected to oscillating gradients generated by an imaging gradient system of a 9.4T preclinical MRI system. I’m definitely surprised to see him go so abruptly.This paper reports the damaging effects of magnetic iron-oxide nanoparticles (MNP) on magnetically labeled cancer cells when subjected to oscillating gradients in a strong external magnetic field. It only took one episode of Raw in May 2021 for me to see that Smith would do fine in the role as Raw’s lead announcer. The main thing I knew is that he was not Adnan Virk. Really and truly blown away by the acceptance from the WWE fans! You folks make it work every week and your enthusiasm was amazing!”Īs someone who doesn’t watch much MMA, I barely knew anything about Jimmy Smith before he joined WWE. Had a lot of fun and met some great people. “Just wanted to say, now that the story is officially out, that my time with the WWE is officially done. Really and truly blown away by the acceptance from the WWE fans! You folks make it work every week and your enthusiasm was amazing!- Jimmy Smith October 6, 2022 Just wanted to say, now that the story is officially out, that my time with the WWE is officially done.
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